开篇番外采访：

Q：你上几篇脑洞字太小了，投诉。

A：对不起w，平时习惯了ps的12号字体忘记了用户体验。（这次改正了）

Q：即将迎接一年一度520的你有何话要讲？

A：专注脑洞，远离虐狗。

Q：你是猴子派来的柠檬精吗？

A：不是的，其实文末有彩蛋！！！

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作为一个总跟不上信息时代步伐的养生朋克，

我最近几天才知道有一个词叫“舔狗”。

于是在“国际”520来临之际，

我好奇地查了一下“舔狗”到底是什么，

还发现了网络一波表白骚操作。

“所谓舔狗，只不过是那些愿意为了爱情而选择卑微的可怜人罢了。”

要不是真的喜欢，干嘛要“舔狗”啊，

还不如来听脑洞同学讲故事。

（开玩笑的，这个好日子我就不留你了/卑微/）

As a health punk who can't keep up with the pace of the information age, I have only discovered recently the word “Tiangou”.So at the dawn of the “international” 5·20 (May 20 is international “I Love You” Day), I curiously checked what a "Tiangou" was, and found that the network had a wave of online methods by which to confess one’s love for another.

"The so-called ‘Tiangou’ is just a person who is willing to choose to be humble for love.” If you don’t really love someone, why do you want to "Tiangou"? It's better to listen to the story of Lonely Brain Hole. (just kidding)

下面是一批花式表白，你要就拿走吧···

Here is a batch of fancy confessions, 

take it if you need it ···

情不知所起，一往而深。

再而衰，三而竭······

好了，其实我想说的是这些直男表白法真的没有用。

还有，千万千万不要用“量子纠缠”来表达你的情深似海。

“You don't know where the feelings start，it’s going deeper and deeper. And then decline, exhausted···”

Ok, actually, what I want to say is that these male chauvinist confession methods are really useless. Also, don't use "quantum entanglement" to express your love please.

下面才是今日脑洞正题：

为什么别用“量子纠缠”表白？

The following is the topic of today's brain hole：Why shouldn’t you use "quantum entanglement" to confess your love?

量子的基本规律是什么？

What is the underlying quantum law?

是一套描述了光和物质在最小尺度上的行为。

“原子，电子，光子以及其他亚原子粒子的性质

与我们日常生活中接触到的事物可谓大相径庭。”

It is a set of behaviors that describe light and matter at a minimum scale.

"The nature of atoms, electrons, photons and other subatomic particles and the things that come into contact with our daily lives are quite different. ”

emm先复习一下我早就忘记了的初三化学：

·分子是保持物质化学性质的最小粒子。

·原子是化学变化中的最小粒子。 

·分子与原子都是构成物质的一种粒子。

·分子总是不断运动。

First let’s review the junior chemistry I have long forgotten:

· Molecules are the smallest particles that maintain the chemical properties of a substance.

· Atoms are the smallest particles in a chemical change.

· Molecules and atoms are both particles of matter.

· Molecules always move.

那么什么是“基本粒子”？

基本粒子，指人们所认知的构成物质的最小的单位。

光子、电子、夸克都属于基本粒子。

它们有一个内禀性质是——“自旋”。

What are elementary particles?

Elementary particles refer to the smallest unit of constituent material that people recognize.

Photons, electrons, and quarks are all basic particles.

They have an intrinsic nature —— "spin".

为什么叫“自旋”而不是“自转”？

因为本质不同。

经典概念中的自转，

是物体对于其质心的旋转，

比如地球的自转是顺着地轴转动。

而基本粒子它的状态是不确定的。

Why is it called "spin" instead of "rotation"?

Because the nature is different. Rotation in the classic concept,

is the rotation of an object for its centroid.

For example, the rotation of the earth is rotating along the earth's axis.

The state of the elementary particle is uncertain.

以电子为例，

当电子垂直穿过磁场，

自旋有可能瞬间变成向上或者向下。

而且是完全随机的。

Take electronics as an example.

When the electrons pass vertically through the magnetic field,the spin may turn up or down instantly. And it is completely random.

于是薛定谔引入了纠缠的概念来描述

两个或多个粒子的量子模糊性。

（详见07脑洞）

爱因斯坦和他的另外两个小伙伴组队研究，

这个实力组合就是传说中的“EPR”。

但是就连爱因斯坦也没弄明白

为什么处于纠缠态的距离那么远的粒子，

总是能知道另一个粒子是要向上还是向下。

难到它们能以比光速还快的速度交换信息吗？

So Schrödinger introduced the concept of entanglement to describe

quantum ambiguity in two or more particles. (See 07 Brain Hole for details). Einstein and his other two partners studied this. The combined research team is the legendary "EPR".  But even Einstein didn't understand why a particle that is so far away from the entangled state always knows whether another particle is going up or down. Can they exchange information faster than the speed of light?

这种同步现象被爱因斯坦称为“鬼魅的超距作用”。

因为这个超距作用违反了他提出的“定域性”原理，

即任何空间上相互影响的速度都不能超过光速。

这个故事就是著名的“EPR佯谬”。

This synchronization phenomenon was called "spooky action at a distance" by Einstein. Because this overreaching effect violates his "locality" principle. That is, any speed that is measured in space cannot exceed the speed of light. This story is the famous "EPR paradox".

后来贝尔分析了EPR的思想实验，

觉得他们的局限在于“光速”，

贝尔认为量子力学允许两个自旋共存于一个纠缠的模糊状态，

这种状态可以跨越遥远距离。

于是一个数学不等式“贝尔定理”就诞生了。

Later, Bell analyzed the thought experiment of EPR. He feel that their limitation is "speed of light". Bell believed that quantum mechanics allows two spins to coexist in an entangled fuzzy state. And their state can span a long distance. Then a mathematical inequality "Bell Theorem" was born.

但是直到2015年，

所有的实验架构还是不完备。

主要的困难是：

粒子难操控，要么没产生，要么中途丢失。

主要Bug有两个：

1.测量的距离近，怎么样也不是“超光速”的情况。

2.探测器只能测一部分纠缠粒子，没法测全部。

But until 2015, all experimental architectures were still incomplete. The main difficulties were: Particles are difficult to manipulate, either not produced or lost midway. There are two main bugs:

1. The distance measured is close, and it is not a case of “faster than light speed".

2. The detector can only measure a part of the entangled particles, and can't measure all.

2015年6月，4个科学家团队进行多次实验，终于关闭了所有漏洞，实现了一个伟大胜利——证明量子纠缠。

In June 2015, four teams of scientists conducted several experiments and finally resolved all the problems with the experiments, and achieved a great victory —— proving quantum entanglement.

简述一下做法就是：

把两颗小钻石放在相距1280米的楼里，

利用钻石本身的结构缺陷，

分别置入两个电子，

用激光激发电子，

电子辐射出与之相纠缠的光子，

而这些光子，

最后跨越千里在探测器中相遇了。

A brief description of the approach is: Put two small diamonds in a building 1280 meters apart and use the structural defects of the diamond itself to place two electrons. Excite the electrons with a laser, electrons  radiate photons entangled with them, and these photons finally meet in the detector across thousands of miles.

量子力学确实送给了我们一份神秘大礼，

未来人类可能在量子安全通信，量子传感网络，

远程量子计算机等方面大展身手。

在五月二十那个清新脱俗的日子里，

该表白表白，（不要怂）

不要谈情感的“纠缠”，

因为人家量子纠缠不只发生在两个粒子之间，

而且分分钟说变就变。

Quantum mechanics did give us a mysterious gift. Future humans may make great progress in quantum secure communication, quantum sensing networks, and remote quantum computers. On the fresh new day of May 20, when you confess, remember not to talk about the "entanglement" of emotions. Because quantum entanglement not only occurs between two particles, but changes in less than a second.

喜欢你的人，

吃饭四只手，洗澡带手机，

中午不敢睡，深夜还秒回；

不喜欢你的人，

吃饭吃一天，洗澡洗一夜，

下午五点醒，八点人就没。

People who like you will chat with you when eating, they will take the phone into the shower with them, they will not dare to take a nap at noon, and they will return your message even in the middle of the night;

People who don't like you, will act like eating takes most of the day, bathing takes almost all night. They will never want to reply to a message, so every day is just like getting up at five in the afternoon, and then pretending to sleep at eight in the evening.

（其实我不回微信不是在写公众号就是在肝作业···）

参考文献：

《刷爆朋友圈的“量子纠缠”，真相是怎样的？》果壳2018

《80年的胜利：证明量子纠缠》Ronald Hanson & Krister Shalm   翻译：苏洪轶2019